Zoroastrians in Early Islamic History: Accommodation and Memory - Paperbackby Andrew D. Magnusson (Author) The second Muslim caliph, Umar ibn al Khattab, once reportedly exclaimed, 'I do not know how to treat Zoroastrians!' He and other Muslims encountered Zoroastrians during the conquest of Arabia but struggled to formulate a consistent policy toward the adherents of a religion that was neither biblical nor polytheistic. Some Muslims saw Zoroastrians as pagans and sought to limit interaction with them. Others found ways to